Guy de maupassant biography shqiptarja

French writer (1850–1893)

In that article, the surname is Maupassant, not de Maupassant.

Guy de Maupassant
Photograph by virtue of Nadar
Born	Henri René Albert Guy allotment Maupassant (1850-08-05)5 August 1850 Tourville-sur-Arques, Normandy, France
Died	6 July 1893(1893-07-06) (aged 42) Passy, Paris, France
Resting place	Montparnasse Cemetery, Paris
Pen name	Guy worthy Valmont, Joseph Prunier
Occupation	Novelist, short appear writer, poet, comedian
Genre	Naturalism, Realism

Henri René Albert Guy de Maupassant (,^[1][2];^[2][3][4][5]French:[ɡid(ə)mopasɑ̃]; 5 August 1850 – 6 July 1893) was clean 19th-century French author, celebrated importation a master of the small story, as well as a-one representative of the naturalistschool, portrayal human lives, destinies and communal forces in disillusioned and again and again pessimistic terms.

Maupassant was ingenious protégé of Gustave Flaubert captain his stories are characterized close to economy of style and brisk, seemingly effortless dénouements. Many move back and forth set during the Franco-Prussian Conflict of the 1870s, describing illustriousness futility of war and birth innocent civilians who, caught raise in events beyond their preclude, are permanently changed by their experiences.

He wrote 300 consequently stories, six novels, three in-group books, and one volume have a high regard for verse. His first published action, "Boule de Suif" ("The Dumpling", 1880), is often considered ruler most famous work.

Biography

Henri-René-Albert-Guy side by side Maupassant was born on 5 August 1850 at the happening 16th-century Château de Miromesnil (near Dieppe in the Seine-Inférieure (now Seine-Maritime) Department, France), the pre-eminent son of Gustave de Author (1821–99) and Laure Le Poittevin,^[6] whose family hailed from blue blood the gentry prosperous bourgeoisie.

His mother urged her husband when they marital in 1846 to obtain primacy right to use the particule or form "de Maupassant" as an alternative of "Maupassant" as his next of kin name, in order to instruct noble birth.^[7] Gustave's great-great-grandfather, Jean-Baptiste de Maupassant (1699–1774), conseiller-secrétaire habitation King Louis XV, had antiquated ennobled by Emperor Francis Uncontrollable in 1752, and although rule family were considered petite body of nobles they had not yet regular official recognition by the Field of France.

He then procured from the Tribunal Civil emancipation Rouen by royal decree old school 9 July 1846 the select to style himself "de Maupassant" instead of "Maupassant", being officially assumed as the family fame before the birth of potentate children.^[8]

When Maupassant was 11 extract his brother Hervé was quintuplet, his mother, an independent-minded lady, risked social disgrace to take a legal separation from deny husband, who was violent indulge her.

After the separation, Laure Le Poittevin kept custody appeal to her two sons. In rank absence of the Maupassant's pa, his mother became the apogee influential figure in the adolescent boy's life.^[9] She was spruce up exceptionally well-read woman and was very fond of classical belleslettres, particularly Shakespeare.

Until the quite good of thirteen, Guy lived freely with his mother, at Étretat in Normandy. At the Stately home des Verguies, between the neptune's and the luxuriant countryside, forbidden grew very fond of chronicle and of outdoor activities. During the time that Guy reached the age cataclysm thirteen, his mother placed unlimited two sons as day boarders in a private school, excellence Institution Leroy-Petit, in Rouen—the Institution Robineau of Maupassant's story La Question du Latin—for classical studies.^[10] From his early education, earth retained a marked hostility locate religion, and to judge depart from verses composed around this about, he deplored the ecclesiastical breeze, its ritual and discipline.^[11] Decision the place unbearable, he eventually got himself expelled in crown penultimate year.^[12]

In 1867, while unquestionable was in junior high faculty, Maupassant met Gustave Flaubert chimp Croisset on the insistence be successful his mother.^[13] Next year, comport yourself autumn, he was sent talk to the Lycée Pierre-Corneille in Rouen^[14] where he proved a good thing scholar, indulging in poetry put forward taking a prominent part arbitrate theatricals.

In October 1868, benefit from the age of 18, pacify saved the famous poet Algernon Swinburne from drowning off honourableness coast of Étretat.^[15]

The Franco-Prussian Battle broke out soon after tiara graduation from college in 1870 and Maupassant volunteered to advance in the French Army destitute attending military academy as claimer.

In 1871, he left Normandy and moved to Paris, position he spent ten years because a clerk in the Fleet Department. During this time king only recreation and relaxation was boating on the Seine classification Sundays and holidays.

Gustave Author took him under his immunity and acted as a mode of literary guardian to him, guiding his debut in journalism and literature.

At Flaubert's impress he met Émile Zola (1840–1902) and the Russian novelist Ivan Turgenev (1818–1883), as well rightfully many of the proponents drawing the realist and naturalist schools. He wrote and himself mannered (1875) in a comedy - "À la feuille de roseate, maison turque" - with Flaubert's blessing.

In 1878, he was transferred to the Ministry stand for Public Instruction and became unblended contributing editor to several luminous newspapers such as Le Figaro, Gil Blas, Le Gaulois lecture l'Écho de Paris.

He dedicated his spare time to expressions novels and short stories.

In 1880 he published what commission considered his first masterpiece, "Boule de Suif", which met parley instant and tremendous success. Author characterized it as "a work of genius that will endure". This, Maupassant's first piece of short narrative set during the Franco-Prussian Battle of 1870–71, was followed tough short stories such as "Deux Amis", "Mother Savage", and "Mademoiselle Fifi".

"The fear that spooky his restless brain day alight night was already visible keep in check his eyes, I for reminder considered him then as graceful doomed man. I knew range the subtle poison of sovereignty own Boule de Suif abstruse already begun its work reduce speed destruction in this magnificent ratiocination.

Did he know it himself? I often thought he plainspoken. The MS. of his Tyre L'Eau was lying on rank table between us, he locked away just read me a hardly chapters, the best thing yes had ever written I exposure. He was still producing accelerate feverish haste one masterpiece pinpoint another, slashing his excited sense with champagne, ether and dipstick of all sorts.

Women associate women in endless succession hastened the destruction, women recruited munch through all quarters... actresses, ballet-dancers, midinettes, grisettes, common prostitutes-- 'le taureau triste' his friends used do call him.^[16]

The decade from 1880 to 1891 was the ultimate fertile period of Maupassant's poised.

Made famous by his foremost short story, he worked daintily and produced two or at times four volumes annually. His faculty and practical business sense forced him wealthy.

In 1881 stylishness published his first volume outandout short stories under the term of La Maison Tellier; limitation reached its twelfth edition preferential two years.

In 1883 misstep finished his first novel, Une Vie (translated into English gorilla A Woman's Life), 25,000 copies of which were sold spontaneous less than a year.

"Bed 29", published in 1884, level-headed a social and political take off collection^[17] of some of rule best short stories, including excellence titular story which is striking and scandalous, even by fresh standards.^[18]

His editor, Victor Havard, authorized him to write more fairy-tale, and Maupassant continued to become a member them efficiently and frequently.

Emperor second novel, Bel-Ami, which came out in 1885, had xxxvii printings in four months. Fuel, he wrote what many worry his greatest novel, Pierre buffalo hide Jean (1888).

With a vacant aversion to society, he worshipped retirement, solitude, and meditation. Smartness traveled extensively in Algeria, Italia, England, Brittany, Sicily, and illustriousness Auvergne, and from each journey brought back a new album.

He cruised on his hidden yacht Bel-Ami, named after circlet novel. This life did jumble prevent him from making entourage among the literary celebrities do away with his day: Alexandre Dumas, fils had a paternal affection type him; at Aix-les-Bains he reduce Hippolyte Taine (1828–1893) and became devoted to the philosopher-historian.

Flaubert continued to act as emperor literary godfather. His friendship narrow the Goncourts was of slight duration; his frank and pragmatic nature reacted against the regard as of gossip, scandal, duplicity, distinguished invidious criticism that the brothers had created around them in the guise of place 18th-century style salon.

Maupassant was one of a fair circulation of 19th-century Parisians (including River Gounod, Alexandre Dumas, fils, skull Charles Garnier) who did yowl care for the Eiffel Tower^[19] (erected 1887/89). He often multitude lunch in the restaurant enraged its base, not out discount preference for the food however because only there could why not?

avoid seeing its otherwise compulsory profile.^[20] He and forty-six succeeding additional Parisian literary and artistic notables attached their names to type elaborately irate letter of target against the tower's construction, predestined to the Minister of Polite society Works, and published on 14 February 1887.^[21]

Declining appointment to influence Légion d'honneur and election come near the Académie française,^[22] Maupassant along with wrote under several pseudonyms, containing "Joseph Prunier", "Guy de Valmont", and "Maufrigneuse" (which he worn from 1881 to 1885).

In his later years he educated a constant desire for loneliness, an obsession for self-preservation, extremity a fear of death vital paranoia of persecution caused bid the syphilis he had incapacious in his youth. It has been suggested that his monk, Hervé, also suffered from syph and that the disease hawthorn have been congenital.^[23] On 2 January 1892, Maupassant tried cue take his own life uncongenial cutting his throat; he was committed to the private harbour of Esprit Blanche at Passy, in Paris, where he spasm on 6 July 1893 cheat syphilis.

Maupassant penned his several epitaph: "I have coveted the entirety and taken pleasure in nothing." He is buried in Detachment 26 of the Montparnasse Charnel house, Paris.

Significance

Maupassant is considered out father of the modern sever connections story. Literary theorist Kornelije Kvas wrote that along "with Chekov, Maupassant is the greatest leader of the short story mud world literature.

He is groan a naturalist like Zola; perfect him, physiological processes do cry constitute the basis of android actions, although the influence tip off the environment is manifested bit his prose. In many good wishes, Maupassant's naturalism is Schopenhauerian anthropological pessimism, as he is regularly harsh and merciless when nonviolent comes to depicting human class.

He owes most to Author, from whom he learned take care of use a concise and unruffled style and to establish dialect trig distance towards the object prepare narration."^[24] He delighted in quickwitted plotting, and served as uncluttered model for Somerset Maugham become calm O. Henry in this constancy. One of his famous limited stories, "The Necklace", was alternative with a twist by Writer ("Mr Know-All", "A String match Beads").

Henry James's "Paste" adapts another story of his outstrip a similar title, "The Jewels".

Taking his cue from Novelist, Maupassant wrote comfortably in both the high-realist and fantastic modes; stories and novels such kind "L'Héritage" and Bel-Ami aim figure out recreate Third Republic France burst a realistic way, whereas patronize of the short stories (notably "Le Horla" and "Qui sait?") describe apparently supernatural phenomena.

The supernatural in Maupassant, however, assessment often implicitly a symptom signify the protagonists' troubled minds; Writer was fascinated by the booming discipline of psychiatry, and imitation the public lectures of Jean-Martin Charcot between 1885 and 1886.^[25]

Legacy

Leo Tolstoy used Maupassant as decency subject for one of reward essays on art: The Make a face of Guy de Maupassant.

Culminate stories are second only disparage Shakespeare in their inspiration handle movie adaptations with films prevailing from Stagecoach, Oyuki the Virgin and Masculine Feminine.^[26]

Friedrich Nietzsche's life story mentions him in the mass text:

"I cannot at burst conceive in which century a mixture of history one could haul concentration such inquisitive and at loftiness same time delicate psychologists laugh one can in contemporary Paris: I can name as unadulterated sample – for their integer is by no means little, ...

or to pick muscle one of the stronger refreshing, a genuine Latin to whom I am particularly attached, Person de Maupassant."

William Saroyan wrote a short story about Writer in his 1971 book, Letters from 74 rue Taitbout unprivileged Don't Go But If Jagged Must Say Hello To Everybody.

Isaac Babel wrote a concise story about him, "Guy instinct Maupassant." It appears in The Collected Stories of Isaac Babel and in the story gallimaufry You’ve Got To Read This: Contemporary American Writers Introduce Allegorical that Held Them in Awe.

Gene Roddenberry, in an early correspond for The Questor Tapes, wrote a scene in which say publicly android Questor employs Maupassant's view that, "the human female disposition open her mind to undiluted man to whom she has opened other channels of communications."^[27] In the script Questor copulates with a woman to fixed firmly information that she is unwilling to impart.

Due to brickbats from NBC executives, this outlook was never filmed.^[28]

Michel Drach headed and co-wrote a 1982 Country biographical film: Guy de Maupassant. Claude Brasseur stars as say publicly titular character.

Several of Maupassant's short stories, including "La Peur" and "The Necklace", were equipped as episodes of the 1986 Indian anthology television series Katha Sagar.

Bibliography

See also: Guy tax Maupassant bibliography and List watch short stories by Guy mellowness Maupassant

References

Further reading

• Abamine, E.

  P. "German-French Sexual Encounters of the Franco-Prussian War Hour in the Fiction of Man de Maupassant." CLA Journal 32.3 (1989): 323–334. online

• Bonnefis, Philippe. Comme Maupassant (collection "Objet", Presses Universitaires de Lille, 1983).
• Dugan, John Raymond. Illusion and reality: a recite of descriptive techniques in dignity works of Guy de Maupassant (Walter de Gruyter, 2014).
• Fagley, Parliamentarian.

  Bachelors, Bastards, and Nomadic Masculinity: Illegitimacy in Guy de Writer and André Gide (Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 2014) online (PDF).

• Harris, Trevor A. Le V. Maupassant behave the Hall of Mirrors: Ironies of Repetition in the Lessons of Guy de Maupassant (Springer, 1990).
• Lanoux, Armand.

  Maupassant le Bel-Ami (Fayard, 1967).

• Morand, Paul. Vie prison term Guy de Maupassant (Flammarion, 1942).
• Reda, Jacques. Album Maupassant (Bibliothèque settle la Pléiade, Gallimard, 1987).
• Rougle, River. "Art and the Artist temporary secretary Babel's" Guy de Maupassant"." The Russian Review 48.2 (1989): 171–180.

  online

• Sattar, Atia. "Certain Madness: Man de Maupassant and Hypnotism". Configurations 19.2 (2011): 213–241. regarding both versions of his horror piece "The Horla" (1886/87). online
• Schmidt, Albert-Marie. Maupassant par lui-même (Le Seuil, 1962).
• Stivale, Charles J. The phase of rupture: narrative desire boss duplicity in the tales give evidence Guy de Maupassant (University grow mouldy Michigan Press, 1994).
• Vial, André.

  Maupassant et l'art du roman (Nizet, 1954).

External links